Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Research Paper Example

Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Research Paper Example Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Paper Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Paper Introduction In this paper I intend to supply a sound fiscal analysis of Tesla Motors Incorporated. I will make so by ciphering and supplying liquidness. profitableness. and solvency ratios and so measuring those consequences. Assessment of these ratios will more or less define Tesla Motors’ abilities to run into its short-run debts and duties ( liquidness ) . public presentation in relation to gross revenues. assets. and net incomes or losingss ( profitableness ) . and the resulting income sum. after revenue enhancement tax write-offs. against the company’s liabilities ( solvency ) . Additionally I will compare Tesla Motors’ fiscal place against that of General Motors Company to break depict how the company is executing within its industry. The Earth is in danger of quickly overheating. Global heating is the widely accepted theory that states that the complete production of air pollutants such as C dioxide will do the Earth’s mean temperature to lift yearly until it reaches an irreversible threshold which will do the planet to heat up so much it will go uninhabitable. Cars have been a major subscriber to air pollution over the old ages. Gasoline fueled engines have churned out impossible sums of gasses into the atmosphere adding to the job. Until late there have been no feasible alternate vehicles to gasoline fueled autos. Even intercrossed autos haven’t to the full taken away the dependence for gasolene. Fully electric autos can cut down our dependence on fossil fuels. cut down nursery gas emanations. and hopefully change by reversal the harm done to Earth’s atmosphere. Tesla Motors is the electric auto maker paving the route to this greener universe. Background Tesla Motors is a United States auto fabricating company based in Palo Alto California. The company was founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in July 2003. The historic electrical applied scientist and physicist. Nikoka Tesla. is the beginning of Tesla Motors’ company name and is really fitting. The jumping current motor used in the Tesla Roadster is really derived from Nikola Tesla’s original 1882 design. Tesla Motors is a publicly traded company that produces to the full electronic vehicles. Tesla Motors began to set itself on the map when it produced the Tesla Roadster – the first to the full electric athleticss auto. Following the Tesla Roadster was a to the full electric luxury saloon called the Model S. The Tesla Roadster was a immense success for the company. It was an all-electric athleticss auto capable of going more than 200 stat mis on a individual charge. It was highly advanced and the first to the full electronic car to utilize lithium-ion battery cells. The Roadster was featured on the screen of Time Magazine and received their â€Å"Best Inventions 2006 – Transportation Invention† award. The first one hundred Tesla Roadsters sold out in less than three hebdomads. The Model S is the current criterion Tesla vehicle in production today. The auto was foremost announced in 2008 and hit the US retail market in June 2012. The Model S with its highest battery option could make distances every bit far as 265 stat mis in a individual charge. This auto has been Tesla Motor’s highest accomplishment yet being the receiver of several awards including â€Å"Car of the Year† for both Motor Trend and World Green Car magazines in 2013 and besides Time Magazine’s â€Å"Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012† award. Tesla Motors has programs to get down production on its newest auto. the Model X. get downing in 2014. Ratio Analysis Liquid Investors or creditors use liquidness ratios to assist them find if a company is a safe investing or how likely they are to refund a debt. Liquidity is a step of a company’s ability when it comes to refunding go oning debts as they come due. For most liquidity ratios. analysts are looking for high Numberss ; the higher the value the better that company is at refunding short-run debts. The liquidness ratios I will lucubrate on for Tesla Motors will be the current ratio. working capital. hard currency flow from runing activities to current liabilities. stock list turnover rate. and the yearss to sell the mean stock list. The current ratio straight relates the company’s current assets against its current liabilities. A good current ratio will be over 1. For illustration if the current ratio were 2. 0 this would intend that the company’s current assets are twice every bit big as its current liabilities. For Tesla Motors the current ratio beads significantly over the old ages. It starts at 2. 76 in 2010. so drops to 1. 95 in 2011. and eventually reaches 0. 97 in 2012. As you can see the current ratio in 2012 is below one. The current ratio of 0. 97 agencies that as of December 2012. Tesla Motors has more current liabilities than current assets. The on the job capital besides has a direct relationship with the company’s current assets and current liabilities. The on the job capital should be positive in order to be considered good. To find the on the job capital the current liabilities are subtracted from the current assets. As in the current ratio illustration the same form will demo in the on the job capital. It will worsen from 2010 to 2011 and so will go negative in 2012. This form shows a diminution in Tesla Motors ability to utilize current resources to refund its debts. The ability for a company to pay presently maturating debts from periodic operations is determined by the hard currency flow from operations to current liabilities. To cipher this ratio you divide the hard currency flows from runing activities over the current liabilities. A good scenario would be to hold a higher numerator ( more hard currency flow from runing activities ) than the denominator ( current liabilities ) . This would bespeak that the company could easy cover its current liabilities with its operating hard currency flow. Tesla Motors nevertheless does non hold a higher numerator. In fact its operating activities hard currency flow shows a negative value for all three old ages – though one thing to see is that th e value has become less negative as the twelvemonth 2012 approached. Both the stock list turnover rate and the yearss to sell the mean stock list can state investors how rapidly stock list will sell on norm. A high stock list turnover rate will bespeak that a company is making good in footings of selling its merchandises and will non hold extra stock list. The yearss to sell the mean stock list will demo. on norm. how many yearss it will take to sell stock list after production. Tesla Motors fluctuates up and down within the old ages but finally settles at an stock list turnover rate of 2. 41 and 167. 80 yearss to sell the mean stock list. The stock list turnover rate of 2. 41 may look good but when compared to the industry norm Tesla Motors is missing. Profitableness Investors use profitability ratios to reason how much return they can do on the company in inquiry. These ratios show how good a company is making based on how much net income they can bring forth. The profitableness ratios will be a good contemplation of a company’s overall public presentation in footings of efficiency and net incomes. The ratios used in measuring Tesla Motors profitableness are the gross net income rate. return on equity. net income as a per centum of gross revenues. return on assets. and runing disbursal ratio. The gross net income rate is a simple step of how profitable a company’s merchandises are. It is calculated by spliting the gross net income by the net gross revenues. A good figure for the gross net income rate would be a high positive figure. Again Tesla Motors shows lessenings as the gross net income rate falls from 26 % in 2010 to merely 7 % in 2012. To find if the company does good utilizing investors’ capital an analyst would mention to the return on equity. You would about ever want to see a positive figure here if you were to put your money into a company. In this instance. Tesla Motors’ return on equity ratio becomes steadily more negative stoping up at -2. 27. The net income as a per centum of net gross revenues should be a big positive figure to demo that a company is making good. Some companies show net loss instead than net income. In this instance the company is non making good and the ratio will reflect that as a negative per centum. For Tesla Motors the per centum is -96 % . This figure has become less negative than it had been in 2010 but is still non a good figure. The return on assets ratio is a manner to mensurate the productiveness of assets. without respect to how the assets are being financed. Since Tesla Motors has a negative operating income for all three old ages we know that the return on assets for those old ages will be negative since the ratio is calculated by spliting the operating income over the mean entire assets. A good index of a company’s ability to pull off their disbursals is the operating disbursal ratio. For this ratio a lower consequence is optimum because that would intend that the operating disbursals are low compared to the net gross revenues. The tendency for Tesla Motors indicates that the operating disbursal ratio is worsening from 2010 to 2012 which would in itself be a good thing if the ratio wasn’t already so high. In fact the operating disbursals are higher than the net gross revenues for all three old ages. Solvency Analysts looking for a good measuring of how likely it is that a company will continually be run intoing its debts and recognition duties will turn to solvency ratios to happen replies. High solvency ratios will normally bespeak that a company has a better likeliness to refund its debts while lower solvency ratios will be deemed high hazard are less likely to be unable to refund debts. The ratios I will research for solvency are the debt ratio. involvement coverage ratio. and the tendency in net hard currency provided by operating activities. The debt ratio is calculated merely by spliting the company’s entire liabilities over its entire assets – therefore the consequence is the liabilities as a per centum of assets. This is utile for gauging long-run liquidness of a company. In this instance lower per centums indicate a safer investing. Investors would wish to see that a company’s debt is a little fraction of its resources. Unfortunately Tesla Motors’ debt ratio increases over the old ages until it reaches a debt ratio of 0. 89. This means that their entire liabilities are 89 % of their entire assets. A company’s involvement coverage ratio is a on a regular basis used ratio used to find creditors’ safety. It reflects the ratio of runing income that is available for the payment of involvement to the one-year involvement disbursal. It is widely agreed that an involvement coverage ratio above 2. 0 is considered strong. In the instance of Tesla Motors the involvement coverage ratios are wildly negative – although they have improved from 2011 to 2012. The tendency in net hard currency provided by runing activities dictates an entities ability to bring forth the hard currency needed in order to refund its debts and duties. Tesla Motors’ trends in net hard currency provided by operating activities are negative which is non good. It shows a deficiency in the ability to bring f orth hard currency for duties and does non look safe. GM Comparison General Motors is an constituted auto maker and a rival of Tesla Motors. The companies differ in merchandise offering in that GM produces standard vehicles while Tesla produces electrical vehicles. General Motors is a big and good known maker and represents a good part of the industry. Most analysts would state you that as of 2012 General Motors has been in a better fiscal place than Tesla Motors. That seems to be true every bit far as the Numberss reflect. For illustration I mentioned earlier that Tesla Motors’ current ratio was 0. 97 significance that as of December 2012. Tesla Motors has more current liabilities than current assets. The current ratio for GM peers out to be 1. 30. This means that General Motors has more current assets than current liabilities. Again Tesla Motors’ stock list turnover rate and yearss to sell the mean stock list are 2. 41 and 151. 73 severally for 2012. General Motors has much better Numberss with an stock list turnover rate of 9. 77 and 37. 35 yearss to sell mean stock list for the same twelvemonth. One interesting comparing between Tesla Motors and GM is the gross net income rate. As it turns out the Gross Net income rate is equal between the two companies for 2012 at 7 % . This similarity shows that both companies have about the same ability to pay their operating expense. It is pretty clear that GM has Tesla round in most countries right now. There are so many negative values in the Tesla computations that I had to treble look into my work to do certain I wasn’t doing errors in the computations. One of the most of import things to observe is that Tesla has been runing at a loss for each twelvemonth while GM has systematically posted income. Decision Based wholly on the analysis provided in this paper I would non happen Tesla Motors to be a worthwhile investing. The ratios and computations of liquidness. profitableness. and solvency do non reflect good consequences. Even consequences that are slightly ‘ok’ are missing when compared to rivals within the industry. Interestingly the twelvemonth 2013 looks to hold been a great twelvemonth for Tesla Motors. The March 31 2013 quarterly income statement is the first to demo net incomes in old ages. The Tesla Motors stock monetary value has skyrocketed from near $ 30 per portion at the terminal of 2013 to near $ 200 a portion current twenty-four hours. I think Tesla Motors continual operating losingss and negative ratios can be attributed to research and development among other startup costs. Tesla Motors has increased in celebrity and popularity all over the universe and I would non be surprised if they did non have a big sector of the car industry in the hereafter. With this cognition I may hold to reconsider whether I would put in Tesla or non. One thing is for certain ; electric vehicles are the hereafter of autos and Tesla Motors is paving the manner. Mentions 1. Financial A ; Managerial Accounting 16th Edition – Williams et Al. 2. Yahoo Finance: Tesla Motors. Inc. ( TSLA ) – World Wide Web. finance. yokel. com 3. Tesla Motors Website – World Wide Web. teslamotors. com

Electronic Commerce Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electronic Commerce Response - Essay Example "President Bush has made the security of every American one of his highest priorities and this certainly includes cyber security" (Israel, 2002). The US legal system adopts regulations for e-trade agreements and e-signs. For instance, a decade ago, it has been impossible to file a suit without hard copies of the documents and supportive evidence, but today e-documents and agreements become more common in courts than hard copies. "The US government promotes policies to ensure that businesses and consumers can enter into legal agreements online that will be recognized by the courts if something goes wrong" (Israel, 2002). New forms of taxation and physical characteristics of products have been adopted to protect traditional and e-commerce. E-commerce makes it possible to take global legal regulations to another level providing international law based on protection and fair business relations. The main areas which have been developed include: authenticity, protecting the privacy of consumers, security of e-commerce participants, and universal access.

RECRUITING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

RECRUITING - Research Paper Example The industry of recruitment has its basis on the objective of facilitating a candidate or job seeker for a reward. On one end of the continuum, there exist the recruitment agencies which find jobs for the candidates and get their reward only when the candidate that they deliver to the organization stays with it for a long time. The individual has to spend a certain probationary period with the client. The other end of the continuum comprises of certain recruitment agencies which are given a retainer who concentrates on, analyses the needs of the clients, and accomplish the targets and milestones that are set in terms of the search for the right candidate. These agencies are again rewarded with a certain percentage of the salary of candidate as soon as the individual is placed in the organization and works even after the period of probation ends. The recruitment industry of the present age is sufficiently competitive, and this is the reason that there are various ways that have been s ought out by the agencies that aim to distinguish themselves and provide value added services by concentrating on the diverse areas of recruitment life cycle. 4 The various job search engines and recruitment websites are utilized to collect the maximum number of potential candidates by posting the vacant advertisements of the vacant position across a broad geographic area. Though, it is supposed to be a cost effective option, yet, a department manager or human resource department will consume time in addition to their normal responsibilities in screening through the resumes. 5 Various organizations desire to develop in-house recruitment and branding strategy of employer instead of the proper recruitment firms. The technological factor, in the current era, has resulted in the emergence of meta-search engines which permit the people seeking jobs in different professionals, to browse through different

The Effects of Hair Relaxers Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Hair Relaxers Essay For a long time, hair relaxers have been used to straighten hair thus making it easier to style. These hair relaxers straighten hair by destroying the protein composition of hair and the most effective active ingredients in these relaxers are Sodium Hydroxide and Guanidine hydroxide (Baran Maibach, 2005). Hair is primarily composed of keratin which is a form of fibrous protein that is made up of long amino acid chains (polypeptides). In these chains, the amino acids are linked to one another through chemical bonds which are known as peptide bonds. These polypeptide chains are linked to each other through salt, disulphide, and hydrogen bonds (Dale, 1997). These hydrogen bonds contribute greatly to hair strength and in fact their contribution forms a third of the total hair strength (Dale, 1997). These hydrogen bonds are so weak that they are easily broken by heat and water. Salt bonds just like hydrogen bonds are weak physical bonds and are broken easily by agents such as weak acid or alkaline solutions as well as pH changes. Unlike the other two, disulphide bonds are chemical in nature and are stronger and less. However, they are susceptible to alkaline solutions. These disulphide bonds links the sulphur atoms found in cysteine to each other and they are the ones primarily responsible for hair’s strength. More hair strength is contributed by betaine. In an investigation done by Pulliainen et al. (2009) using high performance liquid chromatography, natural betaine was established to be a part of hair and it is believed to provide hair strength by helping to maintain the function of protein. There are two types of keratin-soft and hard-and the one found in hair is the hard type. This type of keratin is insoluble in water and it is generally resistant to degradation by various agents for instance proteolytic enzymes (Sustaita, 2007). The keratin proteins in a hair fiber forms 65-95% of the fibers total weight (Keratin. Com, 2009). Hair is composed of various chemical elements which include carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Hair relaxers act on hair in two major ways-physical and chemical. The chemical action is due to breakage of disulphide bonds following the action of the alkalis found in hair relaxers. Since the disulphide bonds are the ones primarily responsible for providing hair strength as well as determining hair curls, breakage of these bonds leaves the hair soft (relaxed) and thus it can be manipulated (Dale, 1997). These alkalis also break the salt and hydrogen bonds further softening the hair. The physical action comes about due to the breakage of the bonds leaving the hair free of natural curls thus it can be straightened by combing. In other words it changes hair physically from curly to straight thus giving it a new shape. Following application of hair relaxers, the structure of hair changes due to breakage of bonds but these bonds are reformed. Use of water and heat during relaxing breaks hydrogen bonds but these are reformed when the hair is dried and cooled. The broken salt bonds are reformed by use of neutralizers (acids) which normalizes the hair pH. Disulphide bonds are also reformed following application of neutralizers but their position changes so that they hold hair in the new straight shape. The neutralizer also re-hardens hair. From the discussion above, it is clear that the hair relaxers targets the protein components of hair and it does this by destroying the bonds that link polypeptide chains together. After this breakage, neutralizers are applied and hair dried to reform these bonds.

A Different Perspective of Heathcliff Essay -- Character Analysis, Hea

What is a traditional hero? In many works of literature, the author portrays a character that is faced with many difficult obstacles, in which the character often prevails and becomes a hero. The challenges, which the character undergoes, allows the reader to appreciate the character due to their bravery, courage, and their willingness to sacrifice. In Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «, many readers are able to view Heathcliff as a hero, but how? Heathcliff is not a traditional hero. In fact, the term Byronic hero, would fit Heathcliff’s description in every aspect. Now, what are the characteristics of a Byronic hero? In order to be classified as a Byronic hero, the character needs to display: a high level of intelligence, a troubled past, emotional conflicts, a disliking of social restraints or rules, the status of a social outcast, dark attributes, a taste for vengeance, but most importantly, with all of the negative attributes, the character has the ability to show strong affection for another. These traits are the outline to the plot of Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff resides in the country of Yorkshire, where his estate, Wuthering Heights, is â€Å"completely removed from the stir of society†(Brontà «, 1). Heathcliff enjoys solitude and â€Å"guests are so exceedingly rare in this house†(6), and becomes irritated when guests do visit, wishing â€Å"no repetition of my intrusion†(7). Heathcliff acquires the dark attributes in the novel as if â€Å"a ray fell on his features†(101), stating at the beginning, Heathcliff came from a poverty-stricken country of Liverpool as a â€Å"wicked boy†(53) with â€Å"black eyes†(1), â€Å"black hair†(38), and being â€Å"dirty†(38). With Heathcliff coming from a different nationality, his childhood was uneasy. Hindley, Heathcliff... ...everyone was meaningless, â€Å"I have lost the faculty of enjoying their destruction†(355), and the only thing that will ever bring himself happiness, is to be with his love, Catherine. Many readers view Heathcliff’s actions as absurd, inappropriate, and outrageous. Readers feel Heathcliff hasâ€Å"†¦come from the devil†(38) due to his actions. On the other hand, some readers feel sympathy for Heathcliff and understand that a rough childhood and the loss of his true love to another man justifies his actions. Heathcliff holds all the traits of a Byronic hero: the dark characteristics, a taste for vengeance, emotional conflicts, but with all the flaws, Heathcliff is still capable of being passionate and the ability to show strong affection for Catherine. Heathcliff is no ordinary traditional hero, but in Lord Byron’s eyes, he is the perfect example of a Byronic Hero.

Filipino food for thought Essay

Food is a very important part of a Filipino’s life. No gathering would be complete without the lechon and so many other Filipino delicacies that we so enjoy. In my personal observation, it can be said that Filipinos seem to live simply for the pleasure of eating. You can’t visit a home without being offered a drink and food from the people there. It seems that food and the Filipino have been deeply rooted together. It may be that through food that brings the Filipino family close together. Indeed, we have come a long way from simply catching our prey and eating it raw and bloody. We have turned cooking and baking into an art form. Of course, through the help of modern inventions, cooking has evolved so much that it doesn’t even take you the whole day to prepare a meal that tastes like a feast! Microwaves and electric stoves replace all those clay pots and stone oven used a long time ago. Everything we need comes in neat little packages that just need to be opened, reheated and, Voila! Dinner is served. It wasn’t this easy during the time of our grandmothers although there were many improvements in the culinary arts. Women still had to slave over hot stoves, go to the market each morning to buy fresh ingredients and transform it to the sumptuous meals we all enjoy. Hard as it was to prepare food, this was the daily chores women did together that has bound them into one close-knit family. Yes, modern equipment have made lives so much easier, but some things in life that can’t be replaced by machines. In addition, some very important things are completely lost thanks to the modernization. Just imagine this quaint little scene in the lives of our grandmothers in the provinces. Come the day of the feast of whoever their patron saint, all of the women would gather in houses to start the preparations for the feast. Congregating in a specific spot (most usually the house of the wealthiest neighbor), they would formulate their game plan. Who would cook this and that, who would be in-charge of doing every little thing imaginable. For almost a week every year, they would busily go about their cooking with the other women in their village. This secret ritual is somewhat like the essay of straightening hair as a secret society. These cooking pros are in fact secret societies of the village women where children and men aren’t allowed, secret recipes kept within themselves and only when a girl reaches the right age would she be assimilated into the group. One would never think of this at this particular angle. With the dawn of technological advance, traditions are being replaced with the convenience of modern living. Nowadays, food preparation has become something too bothersome to worry over. Microwavables and ready-to-eat meals are the way to go especially in the busy lifestyle of the people, like some who hold two jobs to keep up with the expenses. Gone are the days when food preparation was a tradition. It has become a meaningless process most especially for the people in the cities. It is true that modernization is God’s gift to mankind. Everything has become so simple and effortless. Food cooked in minutes rather than hours, people can communicate to each other all over the world with just a press of a button and so many more. The advantages of improvement are undeniable. Yet, when it comes down to the basics, we must think; is it really worth it? Does this so-called improvement really improve the people I am with as well as myself? Is what we are giving up or paying for the price of modernization worth it? Personally, I find that some things are meant to be forever. There may be changes and yet the basic essence can remain the same. People who dwell in the modern world, living a modern life have forgotten what really matters. Custom and traditions make a country what who they are. The personality of each and everyone is molded by the way they are brought up or according to what belief the parents have reflects on their children. Modernization takes away the tradition that has been passed on from parent to child. Tradition is not the only thing that can describe what kind of people we are. What we eat also shows us the people we have become or have been. Take for example dinuguan, which is made of pork meat, blood and heart. It sounds kind of disgusting but it is simply divine! Tastes aside, it tells the people of what kind of people we were. It shows us that long before, we were not the stiff and super-civilized people we think we want to be now. Dinuguan seems like dish made by savages, according to the standard set by foreigners, but who is to judge us? Many of our creme ala creme of society have flatly refuse to eat any more of this delicacy. Why? Honestly, I think they are afraid to let the real Filipino inside them shine through lest it would ruin their high-class standards they have set for themselves. Another delicacy that tells so much of us Filipinos is the native bagoong. This is a pungent Filipino sauce made out of tiny shrimps and salt. The process of making bagoong is quite simple. All the ingredients are mixed together and stirred in a special way, by means of the feet. The makers of the bagoong would go up on a stone â€Å"bowl† where all the ingredients and secret spices are put together, then the fun begins. There is no special style on how to make this, but if you look at it seems so much like the grapes that are turned into the greatest wine. Who knows, maybe this is the best way to make bagoong? I think that this lowly sauce captures the true essence of the Filipino people. You see, we were conquered so many times, first were the Spaniards, then Americans and the Japanese. The longest being the Spaniards, we have experienced so much pain and suffering from them, the Friars and the government officials, who neither cared for the country or the people. They just wanted to get a piece of the wealth and resources of this poor native country down there. Time and time again, we were stepped upon and crushed by these so-called leaders of the church and state, and yet we survived only to become stronger and more powerful than before. It did take a long time before we reached our goals, but we did get there. Just like bagoong, its stepped on, everything is mashed into tiny pieces, and it seemed that everything (shrimps and spices) were lost in this gooey mess. Ironically, the longer they stepped on the bagoong, the tastier it got, the better the sauce. Some even say the feet had something to do with it. Yes, we Pinoys did get crushed, we were stepped on but then we have managed to make the most out of our situation. All those oppressors left a mark on us, which we accepted and turned to our advantage, very much like the effect of stomping does on the bagoong. What we eat makes us what we are. It sounds kind of funny to think of eating this way. If France can eat steak that makes them feel their power, or drink wine, Filipinos must also have something that shows the world what they are. The bagoong, mashed shrimp that doesn’t really look appealing, tells the world of its history. The many culinary dishes made up of so many different things show that even if we are all have diverse cultures and have so many differences, we Filipinos can still make something great together as one country. We may have Muslims in the South and Christians in Manila and Aborigines up in the north, but one thing is for sure. We are all Filipinos and no matter what, we are united as one people. How we prepare our food reflects our culture and tradition, even if modern technology is taking the place of so many things, our basic core is still the same. We should be proud of what we have achieved.

The Impact Of Psychological Slavery On Attachment And...

Impact of Psychological Slavery on Attachment and Trust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) Table of Contents Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-American couples inability to stay together in terms of contemporary factors such as substance abuse, gang violence, the racial achievement gap in academic performance, low-income, mass incarceration, absentee fathers etc. Missing from this picture is the historical foundation that disrupted the attachment and trust in this relationship; as well as the, effect of intergenerational trauma on attachment and lack of trust on the contemporary intimate relationships between the African-American man and woman. This paper will use a historical lens to explain the impact of psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American man and woman from a family systems perspective not the individual or couple dyad. Attachment Theory will be used to explain the attachment and trust ruptures in the intimate relationship. 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